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及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞區(qū)別和用法怎么區(qū)分及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

語境展示
1. a. He committed a serious error.
b. Her strange question surprised him.
2. a. Please pass me the book.
b. She will leave all her money to charity.
3. a. I wouldn’t call German an easy language.
b. The news made her very excited.
4. a. When did it happen?
b. The machine works smoothly.
5. a. The child is playing the piano.
b. The child is playing with his friends.
自我歸納
英語中的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否跟賓語，可分為及物動(dòng)詞 (transitive verb) 和不及物動(dòng)詞 (intransitive verb) ，縮寫形式分別為：vt. (及物動(dòng)詞) 和vi. (不及物動(dòng)詞) 。
(一) 及物動(dòng)詞
【及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞區(qū)別和用法怎么區(qū)分及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞】及物動(dòng)詞后可直接跟一個(gè)賓語、雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。
1. 充當(dāng)賓語的可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。

常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：afford, agree, ask,choose, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, promise, plan, pretend, refuse, want, wish等。
常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：admit, avoid, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, dislike, fancy, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest等。

2. 在含有雙賓語的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞后必須跟兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思，通常間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。

間接賓語前常用to的動(dòng)詞有：bring, describe, explain, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, promise, read, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, throw 等。
間接賓語前常用for的動(dòng)詞有：book, bring, buy,choose, fetch, find, get, make, order, prepare, save等。

3. 在含有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞后只跟賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，須加一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)充說明賓語。能充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的可以是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式或分詞。

常跟復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有：admit, ask, allow, cause, call, consider, expect, encourage, get, have, intend, invite, keep, make, name, need, permit, prevent,see, set, stop, think, tell, want, watch, wish等。

【注】
① 在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中，一些動(dòng)詞(如：make, have, let, see, watch, hear, feel等使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to 。但當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞(let除外)用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不定式都需加上to 。如：
The boss made them work ten hours a day.
They were made to work ten hours a day by the boss.
② allow, advise, forbid, permit等動(dòng)詞后可直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語；如果這些詞后有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后面要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。即：allow / advise / forbid / permit doing sth.；allow / advise / forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 。如：
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke here.
4. 大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) 。
(二) 不及物動(dòng)詞
不及物動(dòng)詞后面不可以直接跟賓語，但可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等作狀語。不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) 。
不及物動(dòng)詞后必須加介詞或副詞才可以跟賓語。如：
What did you think of the film?
【注】
常見的一些不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的固定短語有：succeed in, run out, go out, come up, come out, belong to, break out, die out, take part in, take place等。
(三) 關(guān)于及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞
英語中絕對(duì)及物或絕對(duì)不及物的動(dòng)詞是很少的，大部分動(dòng)詞既可以用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可以用作不及物動(dòng)詞。這類動(dòng)詞有很多，如：answer / answer for, benefit / benefit from, pay /pay for, adjust / adjust to, attend / attend to, check / check in / check out, believe / believe in, call / call on等。