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【英語(yǔ)必修五課文翻譯】約翰·斯諾擊敗“霍亂王”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 約翰·斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為照料維多利亞女王的私人醫(yī)生。
But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但他一想到要幫助那些得了霍亂的普通百姓時(shí)，他就感到很振奮。
This was the deadly disease of its day.霍亂在當(dāng)時(shí)是最致命的疾病，
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次霍亂暴發(fā)時(shí)，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。
John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.約翰·斯諾想面對(duì)這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無(wú)法控制的。

He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.斯諾對(duì)霍亂致人死地的兩種推測(cè)都很感興趣。
The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險(xiǎn)的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二種看法是人們?cè)诔燥埖臅r(shí)候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。
From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.病從胃里發(fā)作而迅速殃及全身，患者就會(huì)很快地死去。
John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.斯諾推測(cè)第二種說(shuō)法是正確的，但他需要證據(jù) 。
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry.因此，在1854年倫敦再次暴發(fā)霍亂的時(shí)候，約翰·斯諾著手準(zhǔn)備對(duì)此進(jìn)行調(diào)研。
As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information.當(dāng)霍亂在貧民區(qū)迅速蔓延的時(shí)候，約翰·斯諾就開(kāi)始收集資料。
In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.他發(fā)現(xiàn)特別在兩條街道上霍亂流行的很?chē)?yán)重，在10天之內(nèi)就死去了500多人。
He was determined to find out why.他決心要查明其原因。
First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.首先，他在一張地圖上標(biāo)明了所有死者住過(guò)的地方。
This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.這提供了一條說(shuō)明霍亂起因的很有價(jià)值的線索。

Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and40). 許多死者是住在寬街的水泵附近（特別是這條街上16、37、38、40號(hào)）。
He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.他發(fā)現(xiàn)有些住宅（如寬街上20號(hào)和21號(hào)以及劍橋街上的8號(hào)和9號(hào)）卻無(wú)人死亡。
He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations.他以前沒(méi)預(yù)料到這種情況，所以他決定深入調(diào)查。
He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.他發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些人都在劍橋街7號(hào)的酒館里打工，
They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. 而酒館為他們免費(fèi)提供啤酒喝，因此他們沒(méi)有喝從寬街水泵抽上來(lái)的水。