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連載九 怎么給豬配種,配種管理指南

前言
前言 Foreword
丹育豬以高產(chǎn)著名于世,但由于豬場(chǎng)建設(shè)、飼養(yǎng)管理等諸多方面的挑戰(zhàn),讓丹育豬在中國(guó)的生產(chǎn)性能未能達(dá)到預(yù)期,但丹育種豬在中國(guó)養(yǎng)豬業(yè)的受青睞程度仍越來越高 。豬譯館特收集整理了一系列丹育相關(guān)資料,目前正在轉(zhuǎn)載由喜肉科技攜手英聯(lián)飼料和華揚(yáng)種豬聯(lián)合推出的丹麥養(yǎng)豬研究中心制作的丹育《配種管理手冊(cè)》,敬請(qǐng)關(guān)注 。
編者的話 Editor’s Note
配種是新一輪生產(chǎn)的開始,配種質(zhì)量會(huì)直接影響受胎率、分娩率、產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、斷奶數(shù)等一系列關(guān)鍵的KPI 。因此配種舍的正確管理有助于提高和維持母豬高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn) 。本手冊(cè)詳細(xì)講解了不同生產(chǎn)模式下查情和配種的各種技巧,其中很多章節(jié)圖文并茂可以直接作為SOP使用 。
16. 體況
Body Condition
16.1
16.1妊娠母豬主要根據(jù)體況來飼喂
Pregnant Sows Should Be Fed Primarily By Body Condition
配種4周后轉(zhuǎn)入妊娠舍的母豬按照正常的飼喂曲線飼喂 。
By inserting in the gestation unit 4 weeks after mating, the group is placed on the normal feed curve.
如果將較弱的豬群以中間體況為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分群,母豬的飼喂應(yīng)分別按照曲線A和B 。
If the weakly group is split down the middle the sows are fed after curve A and B.
過肥或過瘦的母豬應(yīng)根據(jù)曲線1或3進(jìn)行單獨(dú)飼喂 。
Different sows should be fed individually according to curve 1 or 3.
曲線1:體況肥的母豬
Curve 1: Fat sows
曲線A:體型大的母豬
Curve A: Big sows
曲線2:體況適中的母豬
Curve 2: Average sows
曲線B:體型小的母豬
Curve B: Small sows
曲線3:體況瘦的母豬
Curve 3: Skinny sows
曲線4:后備母豬
Curve 4: Gilts

連載九 怎么給豬配種,配種管理指南



體況不好的母豬要轉(zhuǎn)入備用的圈舍 。
Sows that come in poor body condition are moved to the spare unit.
肥的母豬分娩時(shí)更易出現(xiàn)問題,因此需要更多的助產(chǎn) 。且它們的腿部疾病也會(huì)更多,從而造成淘汰率增加 。
Fat sows are more likely to get farrowing problems and thus greater need for farrowing assistance.Furthermore, they have more leg fractures and thus higher mortality.
在冬季,由于溫度較低,飼喂曲線應(yīng)普遍上升 。
In winter season the curves are regulated upwards due to the lower temperature.
【連載九 怎么給豬配種,配種管理指南】1.產(chǎn)房中肥的母豬比普通體況的母豬吃的少,從而導(dǎo)致斷奶仔豬體重偏小 。
Fat sows eat less in the farrowing unit than sows in normal body condition. This gives small pigs at weaning.
2.過肥或過瘦的母豬的總飼料消耗量比體況穩(wěn)定的母豬多 。(大約100 個(gè)飼料單位/胎)
Sows which vary in body condition, have greater total feed consumption than sows with stable body condition (approx. 100 FU/litter)
3.瘦弱的母豬有肩傷、腿部疾病和返情的概率比較大 。
Skinny sows have greater risk of shoulder wounds, leg problems and returning.
16.2
16.2補(bǔ)充說明: 體況
Additional Comments: Body Condition
如果經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬和后備母豬在配種后立即轉(zhuǎn)入妊娠舍,在開始的4周里這些欄位要鎖起來(除了英國(guó)) 。這樣可以單獨(dú)飼喂母豬,保證母豬在配種4周后的群養(yǎng)前,能達(dá)到一致的體況 。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,配種后開始的4周里每天飼喂3.8個(gè)飼料單位的飼料對(duì)較瘦母豬的窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)有正面的影響,但對(duì)后備母豬會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的影響 。母豬由于哺乳失重而出現(xiàn)的能量不平衡會(huì)造成流產(chǎn) 。母豬在生完第4胎后才結(jié)束生長(zhǎng),所以年輕的母豬需要給予額外的飼料 。
If the sows and gilts are placed in the gestation unit just after mating, the boxes are locked in the first 4 weeks (except UK). This makes it possible to feed the animals individually, thus ensuring a uniform body condition when the animals are loosened 4 weeks after mating. Experiments have shown a positive effect on the litter size with skinny sows at a high feed strength 3,8 FU per day in the first 4 weeks after mating. In gilts, there is a negative impact of high feed strength in these 4 weeks. A possible weight loss from the farrowing unit should urgently be obtained since sows in negative energy balance may abort. The sows are only fully grown after 4th litter, so therefore young sows should receive extra feed.

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