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大雪節(jié)氣的寓意和傳統(tǒng)( 二 )

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芒種，Grain in Ear
注意這里的ear不是“耳朵”，而是: the top part of a grain plant, such as wheat , that contains theseeds （谷類植物的）穗
ears of corn 玉米穗
“芒”字是指谷類植物種子殼上的芒 。芒種之始，即谷物成熟，是反映農(nóng)業(yè)物候的節(jié)氣 。
The syllable"Mang" refers to the awn on the seed shell of cereal plants. The beginning of the Grain in Ear means the grains are mature, so it is a solar term reflecting agricultural phenology.
夏至，Summer Solstice
在夏至這天，北半球迎來全年白晝時(shí)間最長的一天 。這一天之后，北半球的白晝時(shí)間越來越短，氣溫也越來越高 。
On the Summer Solstice itself, daylight lasts the longest for the whole year in the northern hemisphere. After this day, daylight hours get shorter and shorter and temperatures become higher in the northern hemisphere.
小暑，Minor Heat
大暑時(shí)節(jié)，中國絕大部分地區(qū)進(jìn)入了一年中最熱的時(shí)段 。和小暑節(jié)氣一樣，大暑期間也時(shí)常發(fā)生洪水、干旱和臺風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害 。因此，抓緊時(shí)間進(jìn)行收獲和播種，從而規(guī)避自然災(zāi)害造成的損失，是十分重要的 。
During Major Heat, most parts of China enter the hottest season of the year. Like Minor Heat, many natural calamities such as floods, droughts and typhoons also happen during Major Heat. Therefore, it’s important to harvest and plant in time to avoid setbacks caused by natural disasters.
立秋，Beginning of Autumn
立秋之后的高溫天氣通常會持續(xù)30天左右，這就是人們所說的“秋老虎” 。由于降雨量減少，這段時(shí)間甚至比大暑時(shí)更加悶熱 。
The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually lasting for 30 days, is called"Autumn Tiger" or "Indian Summer". Because of the decreasing precipitation, it is even more sweltering during this period than during Major Heat.
處暑，End of Heat
處暑是中國農(nóng)歷二十四節(jié)氣中的第十四節(jié)氣 。處暑一到，人們就開始漫步城中，欣賞美麗的秋景 。
The End of Heat is the 14th of the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunar calendar. When the End of Heat arrives, people start to enjoy walks around China's cities to enjoy the beautiful autumn scenery.
白露，White Dew
白露的到來預(yù)示著涼爽的秋日開始了 。溫度逐漸降低，空氣中的水汽在夜晚凝成青草、樹葉上的白露 。
White Dew indicates the real beginning of cool autumn. The temperature declines gradually and vapors in the air often condense into white dew on the grass and trees at night.
秋分，Autumn Equinox
秋分過后，太陽直射點(diǎn)向南移動，北半球白晝時(shí)間變短，夜晚時(shí)間變長 。
After Autumn Equinox, the location of direct sunlight moves to the south, making days shorter and nights longer in the northern hemisphere.
寒露，Cold Dew
寒露時(shí)，中國大部分地區(qū)的氣溫遠(yuǎn)低于白露期間 。露水更大，氣溫降低，雨水減少 。秋天的莊稼成熟 。
During Cold Dew, temperatures are much lower than during White Dew in most areas of China. The dew is greater and colder and there will be less rain. Autumn crops will be ripe.
霜降，F(xiàn)rost’s Descent
霜降是秋季的最后一個節(jié)氣，在此期間，天氣相較之前會冷得多，寒霜開始出現(xiàn)了 。
Frost's Descent is the last solar term of autumn, during which time the weather becomes much colder than before and frost begins to appear.
地面上的水汽遇冷凝結(jié)成白色冰晶，這就是所說的“霜”（frost） 。這段時(shí)間里，植物慢慢失去生機(jī)，大地變得蕭條，所以民間有“霜降殺百草”的說法 。
During Frost's Descent, frost begins to appear. But inthe lower reaches of the Yellow River region, frost first appears in late October or early November. As Frost's Descent comes, the world is filled with the atmosphere of late autumn.

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