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Most people don’t find it more difficult to lie in a foreign language than in their native tongue. However, things are different when telling the truth: This is clearly more difficult for many people in a foreign language than in their native one. 大多數(shù)人沒覺得用外語撒謊比用母語撒謊更難，但會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)用外語講真話比用母語講真話更難。
【tellthetruth理論 tellthetruth】This unexpected conclusion is the result of a study conducted by two psychologists from the University of Würzburg: Kristina Suchotzki, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Psychology I, and Matthias Gamer, Professor of Experimental Clinical Psychology. 這一令人驚訝的結(jié)論由維爾茨堡大學(xué)的兩位心理學(xué)家Kristina Suchotzki（心理學(xué)系博士后研究員）和Matthias Gamer（臨床實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)教授）研究得出。
The two scientists now present their insights in Journal of Experimental Psychology. 這兩位科學(xué)家在《實(shí)驗(yàn)心理學(xué)期刊》上發(fā)表了他們的洞見。
Their findings could be important for a lot of processes in which the trustworthiness of certain people must be evaluated — for example in asylum procedures. 他們的研究成果對(duì)信譽(yù)評(píng)估過程（如庇護(hù)流程）很重要。
In such situations, reports by non-native speakers tend to be perceived as less believable even though they may be truthful. 在這種情況下，非母語人士的報(bào)告往往被認(rèn)為不太可信，盡管報(bào)告可能是屬實(shí)的。

Two contradicting theories 彼此矛盾的兩種理論
There are two research theories to predict differences between deception and truth telling in a native compared to a second language. 目前，有兩個(gè)理論可以預(yù)測(cè)用母語和外語撒謊與說真話的不同。
Research from cognitive load theory suggests that lying is more difficult in a foreign language. 基于認(rèn)知負(fù)荷假說的研究表明，用外語撒謊更難。
“Compared to truth telling, lying is a cognitively more demanding task,” Kristina Suchotzki explains. Adding a foreign language imposes an additional cognitive challenge which makes lying even more difficult. “與說真話相比，撒謊需要更多的認(rèn)知任務(wù) ， ”Kristina Suchotzki解釋道。額外的認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)增加用外語撒謊的困難度。
Lying is easier in a foreign language: This should be true according to the emotional distance hypothesis. This assumption is based on the fact that lying is associated with more emotions than staying with the truth. Liars have higher stress levels and are more tense. 而根據(jù)情感距離假說，用外語撒謊比用母語撒謊更容易，因?yàn)槿鲋e與說真話相比，會(huì)牽扯更多情緒。說謊者通常壓力更大更緊張。
Research from linguistics, psychology and psychophysiology shows that compared to speaking in a native language, communicating in a second language is less emotionally arousing. 語言學(xué)、心理學(xué)和心理生理學(xué)的研究表明，用外語交流的情緒化程度低于用母語溝通。
“Based on the emotional distance hypothesis, you would hence expect lying in a foreign language to be less arousing emotionally,” Suchotzki says. Accordingly, this reduced emotional arousal would facilitate lying. “根據(jù)情感距離假設(shè)，用外語撒謊時(shí)情緒不會(huì)那么激動(dòng) ， ” Suchotzki說。因此，減弱的情緒化會(huì)有利于說謊。

Experiments and results 實(shí)驗(yàn)與結(jié)論
To settle this question, the Würzburg psychologists conducted a number of experiments in which up to 50 test persons had to complete specific tasks. 為解決這個(gè)問題，維爾茨堡大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家進(jìn)行了多項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn) 。實(shí)驗(yàn)要求50多名被試者完成特定任務(wù) 。