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從古至今世界上最強大的國家 世界歷史上強大的國家( 二 )


Such a large empire could only have been put together by military might, and the Persian Empire’s military achievements were significant, though they are often forgotten by its sudden demise at the hands of Alexander’s armies. Various Persian campaigns succeeded at subjugating most of the world’s advanced civilizations at the time including the Babylonians, Lydians, Egyptians, and the northwestern Hindu region of Gandhara, in today’s Pakistan. It should not be forgotten that, notwithstanding exaggeration and misinterpretation, the Persians believed that they achieved their goals in Greece and that more Greeks lived in the empire than not. The Persian Empire ushered in a period of harmony and peace in the Middle East for two hundred years, a feat that has seldom been replicated.
這樣一個龐大的帝國只能由軍事力量聯(lián)合起來 , 波斯帝國的軍事成就也很重要 , 盡管他們常常因為被亞歷山大軍隊的突然滅亡而被遺忘 。許多波斯戰(zhàn)役成功地征服了當時世界上最先進的文明包括巴比倫人 , 呂底亞人 , 埃及人 , 以及印度西北部的犍陀羅地區(qū) , 在今天的巴基斯坦 。不可忘記的是 , 盡管有些夸張和誤解 , 波斯人相信他們在希臘實現(xiàn)了他們的目標 , 而的希臘人生活在帝國中 。波斯帝國在中東迎來了長達200年的和諧與和平時期 , 這一壯舉很少被復制 。
The Persian Empire’s legacy to the world in terms of imperial ideas include the use of a network of roads, a postal system, a single language for administration (Imperial Aramaic), autonomy for various ethnicities, and a bureaucracy. The Persian religion, Zoroastrianism, influenced the development of key concepts like free will and heaven and hell in Abrahamic religions through Judaism.
波斯帝國在帝國思想方面給世界留下的遺產(chǎn)包括:包括使用道路網(wǎng)絡(luò) , 郵政系統(tǒng) , 單一語言管理 , 以及不同種族的自治權(quán) , 以及官僚制度 。波斯宗教 , 拜火教 , 通過猶太教 , 影響了自由意志、天堂和地獄等關(guān)鍵概念的發(fā)展 。

從古至今世界上最強大的國家 世界歷史上強大的國家


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Christopher Gilmore, Undergraduate in History, lifelong history buff 歷史本科生 , 終生歷史愛好者
21st century - United States, People’s Republic of China, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, Republic of India, Republic of France (Iran, Pakistan, Israel, Saudi Arabia and others are up and comers)
21世紀的美國、中華人民共和國、俄羅斯聯(lián)邦、英國、印度共和國、法國共和國(伊朗、巴基斯坦、以色列、沙特阿拉伯等國)
Late 20th century - United States, Soviet unx, United Kingdom, Republic of France, People’s Republic of China
20世紀末 , 美國 , 蘇聯(lián) , 英國 , 法蘭西共和國 , 中華人民共和國
Early 20th century - United Kingdom, Germany (both the Kaiserreich and Third Reich), United States, Republic of France, Russia (sort of), Japan
20世紀初 , 英國 , 德國(德意志帝國和第三帝國) , 美國 , 法國 , 俄羅斯(某種程度上) , 日本
19th century - United Kingdom, France (particularly the Napoleonic Empire), Russia, Prussia (Germany after 1871), Austria, United States (only after the American Civil War)
19世紀——英國 , 法國(尤其是拿破侖帝國) , 俄國 , 普魯士(1871年之后的德國) , 奧地利 , 美國(僅在美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)之后)
China, the Ottoman Empire, Spain, the Greek-speaking Byzantines, various Indian dynasties (Mughal and Gupta), and the various Islamic caliphates all enjoyed considerable periods under the sun beforehand (Imperial China’s was very lengthy). At the time of the Spanish arrival the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan in North America may have been the world’s largest city, while many African civilisations (Mali and Ethiopia/Aksum, amongst others) were famed for their wealth and power.

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