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FreeBSD 5.1-Release Note

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當(dāng)然除了以下之外還有,有興趣請(qǐng)自行查閱,此為泡泡自行的註釋網(wǎng)址: http://www.freebsd.org/releases/5.1R/relnotes-i386.html發(fā)布日期: 2003/05/28Bootloader ChangesThe /modules Directory (once the default location for modules on FreeBSD 4.X) is no longer a part of the default kern.module_path.Third-party modules should be placed in /boot/modules.中譯:在4.x版的/modules被移動(dòng)到/boot/modules囉Network Protovolsipfw(4) skipto rules can once again be used with the log keyWord.ipfw(4) uid rules are once again working.中譯:ipfw中的skipto及uid規(guī)則可以再度使用囉..TCP now has support for the ``Limited Transmit"" mechanism proposed by RFC 3042.This feature is intended to improve the effectiveness of TCP loss recovery in certain circumstances. It is off by default but can be enabled with thenet.inet.tcp.rfc3042 sysctl variable. More information can be found in tcp(4).中譯:TCP多了一個(gè)參數(shù)net.inet.tcp.rfc3042 預(yù)設(shè)不啟動(dòng),透過(guò)sysctl啟動(dòng)此參數(shù)在某些情況可以改善TCP loss的狀況..TCP now has support for increased initial congestion window sizes as described in RFC 3390.This feature can improve the throughput of short transfers, as well as high-bandwidth,large propagation-delay connections. It is off by default but can be enabled with thenet.inet.tcp.rfc3390 sysctl variable. More information can be found in tcp(4).中譯:TCP多了一個(gè)參數(shù)net.inet.tcp.rfc3390預(yù)設(shè)不啟動(dòng),透過(guò)sysctl啟動(dòng)此參數(shù)在某些情況可以改善短距離的傳輸狀況.It is now possible to specify the range of ``privileged ports"" (TCP and UDP ports thatrequire superuser access to bind(2) to). The range is now specifIEd with thenet.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow and net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh sysctl variables,defaulting to the traditional Unix behavior. This feature is intended to help network serversbind to traditionally privileged ports without requiring superuser access.ip(4) has more details.中譯:透過(guò)定義net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedlow 及net.inet.ip.portrange.reservedhigh可以讓網(wǎng)路伺服器取得某些傳統(tǒng)的port而不用得到root的權(quán)限.(預(yù)設(shè)為0~1023)Userland Changesadduser(8) now correctly handles setting user passwords containing special shell characters.中譯:adduser已經(jīng)可以正確的處理使用者密碼包含特殊的shell符號(hào)adduser(8) now supports a -g option to set a user"s default login group.中譯:adduser新增-g參數(shù),設(shè)定使用者預(yù)設(shè)的登入群組The bsdlabel(8) utility is a replacement for the older disklabel utility. Like its predecessor,it installs, examines, or modifies the BSD label on a disk partition,and can install bootstrap code.Compared to disklabel, a number of obsolete options and parameters have been retired.A new -m option instructs bsdlabel(8) to use the layout suitable for a specific Machine.中譯:過(guò)去版本中的 disklabel 已經(jīng)被 bsdlabel 取代.chgrp(1) and chown(8) now, when the owner/group is modified, print the old and new uid/gid if the -v option is specified more than once.中譯:透過(guò)-v參數(shù),chgrp及chown會(huì)顯示變更的檔案名稱,若使用-v參數(shù)不只一次(-v -v),則會(huì)一並顯示新舊不同的uid及gid.The diskinfo(8) utility has been added to show information about a disk device and optionally to run a naive performance test.中譯:新增diskinfo指令,用來(lái)查詢硬碟的狀況.ftpd(8) now supports a -h option to disable printing any host-specific information,such as the ftpd(8) version or hostname, in server messages. [MERGED]中譯:ftpd新增-h參數(shù),用以隱藏主機(jī)的相關(guān)資訊.ftpd(8) now supports a -P option to specify a port on which to listen in daemon mode.The default data port number is now set to be one less than the control port number,rather than being hard-coded. 中譯:ftpd新增-P參數(shù),用以指定ftpd資料傳輸?shù)膒ort,預(yù)設(shè)為21及20 port.The gstat(8) utility has been added to show the disk activity inside the geom(4) subsystem.中譯:新增gstat命令,用以顯示磁碟的使用狀況.ipfw(8) now supports enable and disable commands to control various aspects of the operation ofipfw(4) (including enabling and disabling the firewall itself).These provide a more convenient and visible interface than the existingsysctl variables.[MERGED]中譯:ipfw 新增enable及disable參數(shù)用來(lái)控制ipfw規(guī)則.kenv(1) has been moved from /usr/bin to /bin to make it available at times duringsystem startup when only the root file system is mounted.中譯:kenv - dump the kernel environment 從原先的 /usr/bin 移往 /bin/ ,讓某些時(shí)候只有 / 系統(tǒng)被掛上時(shí)可以使用此指令.The MAKEDEV script is now unnecessary, due to the mandatory presence of devfs(5),and has been removed.中譯:原先的 MAKEDEV script檔被移除了,因?yàn)楸粊闳雂evfs(5)了.mergemaster(8) now supports a -P option to preserve the contents of files being replaced.中譯:mergemaster 新增 -P 參數(shù),用來(lái)復(fù)原已經(jīng)被取代的檔案.mount(8) and umount(8) now accept a -F option to specify an alternate fstab(5) file.中譯:mount 和 umount 提供 -F 參數(shù)來(lái)定義要 掛上/卸載 要讀取的磁區(qū)檔案.newfs(8) will now create UFS2 file systems by default, unless UFS1 is specificallyrequested with the -O1 option.中譯:newfs 預(yù)設(shè)以UFS2系統(tǒng)為檔案系統(tǒng),除非 -01 參數(shù)被指定才會(huì)用UFS1為檔案系統(tǒng)格式.ping(8) now supports a -M option to use ICMP mask request or timestamp request messagesinstead of ICMP echo requests.中譯:ping 新增幾個(gè)參數(shù),其中 -M 參數(shù)可以使用 ICMP mask request 或是 timestamp request 訊息,而不是預(yù)設(shè)的 echo requests.pw(8) can now add a user whose name ends with a $ character; this change is intended to help administration of Samba services. [MERGED]中譯:pw 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)可以讓使用者名稱的最後為$字元.sysinstall(8) will now select UFS2 as the default layout for new file systems unless specifically requested in the disk labeler.Note: Due to i386 boot loader limitations, the root file system must be 1.5TB or smaller in size.中譯: sysinstall 除非特別指定,否則改以UFS2為預(yù)設(shè)的系統(tǒng)檔案格式.因?yàn)閕386的boot loader限制, / 檔案系統(tǒng)必須小於 1.5 TB .The swapoff(8) command has been added to disable paging and swapping on a device.A related swapctl(8) command has been added to provide an interface toswapon(8) and swapoff(8) similar to other BSDs.Note: The swapoff(8) feature should be considered experimental.中譯: 新增 swapoff 的*實(shí)驗(yàn)性*指令.用來(lái)取消 paging 和 swapping .syslogd(8) now allows multiple hosts or programs to be named in host or program specificationsin syslog.conf(5) files.中譯:syslogd 的syslog.conf 中允許 多host 或是 多program.systat(1) now includes an -ifstat display mode that displays the network traffic going throughactive interfaces on the system.中譯: systat 新增 -ifstat 參數(shù) ,用來(lái)展示active 介面的網(wǎng)路流量.The historic BSD boot scripts in /etc have been removed, in favor of the rc.d systemimported fromNetBSD (sometimes referred to as ``rcNG"").All functionality of the historic system has been preserved. In particular,files such as /etc/rc.conf continue to be the recommended means of configuring thesystem startup.The rc.d system has been the default since FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE,so this change should be largely transparent for the vast majority of users.Users who have customized their historic-style startup scripts should be aware thatthe following files have been removed from /etc: rc.atm, rc.devfs, rc.diskless1,rc.diskless2, rc.i386, rc.alpha, rc.amd64, rc.ia64, rc.sparc64, rc.isdn, rc.network,rc.network6, rc.pccard, rc.serial, rc.syscons, rc.sysctl. mergemaster(8), when run, will offer to move these files out of the way for convenience. More details can be found in rc.subr(8)中譯:原先 BSD boot script 放置在 /etc 之下,現(xiàn)在被分開(kāi)嚕. 改為NetBSD的 rc.d 系統(tǒng).但原先的所有功能將不會(huì)有所變動(dòng).如 /etc/rc.conf 仍然是系統(tǒng)起始的設(shè)定檔.rc.d 系統(tǒng) 開(kāi)始於 FreeBSD 5.0-RELEASE 所以將會(huì)對(duì)多數(shù)使用者造成影響.部分檔案被分開(kāi)了:rc.atmrc.devfs rc.diskless1 rc.diskless2 ...等等當(dāng)執(zhí)行 mergemaster 將會(huì)方便的提供讓您搬移這些檔案. 更多的詳細(xì)資料請(qǐng)參閱 rc.subr(8)Ports/Packages Collection InfrastructureThe one-line pkg-comment files have been eliminated from each port skeleton; their contents havebeen moved into each port"s Makefile. This change reduces the disk space and inodes usedby the ports tree. [MERGED]中譯:原先ports 中的 pkg-comment 合併到 Makefile 中.When fetching distfiles for building a port, the FETCH_REGET Makefile variable can be used to specify the number of times to try continuing to fetch a distfile if it fails its MD5 checksum.The port infrastructure also supports re-fetching interrupted distfiles.中譯: FETCH_REGET 定義當(dāng)MD5 檢查失敗時(shí),重新嘗試抓取的次數(shù).pkg_create(1) now supports a -C option, which allows packages to register a list of other packages with which they conflict.They will refuse to install (via pkg_add(1)) if one of the listed packages is already present.The -f flag to pkg_add(1) overrides this conflict-checking.中譯:pkg_create 新增 -C 參數(shù)用來(lái)register相牴觸的程式.根據(jù) pkg_add , 將會(huì)拒絕安裝如果其中的某一程式已經(jīng)安裝了. -f 參數(shù)將會(huì)強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行.Upgrading from previous releases of FreeBSDUsers with existing FreeBSD systems are highly encouraged to read the``Early Adopter"s Guide to FreeBSD 5.1-RELEASE"".This document generally has the filename EARLY.TXT on the distribution media,or any other place that the release notes can be found.It offers some notes on upgrading,but more importantly,also discusses some of the relative merits of upgrading to FreeBSD 5.X versus running FreeBSD 4.X. 中譯:若要升級(jí)的話,以前版本的使用者請(qǐng)閱讀"Early Adopter"s Guide to FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE"文件.該文件提供一些在升級(jí)時(shí)所需要注意的地方.此外更重要的是....與其他成功升級(jí)4.x 到 5.x 的使用者請(qǐng)益.Important: Upgrading FreeBSD should, of course, only be attempted after backing up all data and configuration files. 中譯:請(qǐng)務(wù)必注意,*在升級(jí)FreeBSD之前*,請(qǐng)務(wù)必備份*所有資料及相關(guān)設(shè)定檔*!!

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