0.前言因?yàn)閗ernel的文字?jǐn)⑹鰴n內(nèi)容繁多，所以獨(dú)立出來(lái)說(shuō)明 。1.檔案內(nèi)容kernel文字?jǐn)⑹鰴n的組成很簡(jiǎn)單，每行都是由一個(gè)關(guān)鍵及一到二個(gè)參數(shù)組成 。#表示註解 。常用的敘述檔:/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC詳細(xì)的敘述檔:/usr/src/sys/i386/conf/LINT## GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386## For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on# Kernel Configuration Files:##http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.HTML## The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook# if you"ve installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (http://www.FreeBSD.org/) for the# latest information.## An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the# device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are# in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.## $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrIEn Exp $說(shuō)明: 此段在說(shuō)明編譯文字?jǐn)⑹鰴n的參考資料 。及目前編輯GENERIC的版本1.246.2.48。Machinei386選擇機(jī)器的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，除了i386 還有 alpha 及 pc98 我們現(xiàn)今看到的多是 i386。#CPUI386_CPU#cpuI486_CPUcpuI586_CPU#cpuI686_CPUCPU的型態(tài)..透過(guò) dmesg | grep CPU，可以看到您的CPU型態(tài)CPU：Pentium (166-MHz 586-class CPU)所以我將其他的3個(gè)型態(tài)＃(註解)掉，只留下I586_CPU 。identOHAHAkernel的識(shí)別，通常我們用機(jī)器名稱的大寫..所以我的是OHAHA 。maxusers 0這個(gè)數(shù)值大約等於你希望同時(shí)能夠登入機(jī)器的人數(shù)；正確的說(shuō)，此代表process的最大值有關(guān)，maximum=20 16*maxusers在正常的情況下，如果您要跑X-Window的話，最小值是4；以一般狀況來(lái)說(shuō)，用64已經(jīng)足夠，因?yàn)閜rocess值為:1044 (20 16*64)從FreeBSD 4.5 開始系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)調(diào)整這個(gè)設(shè)定，若您將其設(shè)為0的話 。注意：maxusers不是能夠login的限制 。要限制同時(shí)login數(shù)可以透過(guò)之後的pseudo-device pty 16 來(lái)限制 。#makeoptions DEBUG=-g#Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbolsoptionsMATH_EMULATE #Support for x87 emulation模擬數(shù)學(xué)浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算器 除非您的機(jī)器是 386 或 486SX 之前的型號(hào)，不然您可以將此行 # 掉, 因?yàn)镕reeBSD在這方面的模擬並不很精確，若您要求精確度的話..將 MATH_EMULATE 改成 GPL_MATH_EMULATION 改用GNU 的模擬數(shù)學(xué)浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算器 。optionsINET#InterNETworking網(wǎng)路支援，即使您沒(méi)有打算要連上網(wǎng)路也請(qǐng)保留，因?yàn)橛行┏淌綍?huì)用到loopoptionsINET6#IPv6 communications protocolsIPv6 的通訊協(xié)定 (因?yàn)樯形磫⒂盟詃isable)optionsFFS#Berkeley Fast FilesystemoptionsFFS_ROOT#FFS usable as root device [keep this!]FFS是基本的FreeBSD硬碟檔案系統(tǒng) 。若您要用硬碟開機(jī)...務(wù)必保留 !!optionsSOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates supportSoft Updates 選項(xiàng)，可以加速磁碟的寫入 。FreeBSD 4.X 版後，預(yù)設(shè)已經(jīng)加入，但未啟動(dòng) 。optionsUFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big Directories改善FreeBSD在大資料夾中執(zhí)行的效能 。optionsMFS#Memory FilesystemoptionsMD_ROOT#MD is a potential root devicememory-mapped檔案系統(tǒng)，如果您有很大的swap空間，您想要好好的利用的話...keep this如果要使用的話，通常我們會(huì)將他掛在（mount）在/tmp 這個(gè)地方，因?yàn)檫@裡有許多程式將暫存資料存放在此 。若要採(cǎi)用的話...請(qǐng)?jiān)?etc/fstab中的swap部分加入(或者說(shuō)更新)：# DeviceMountpointFStypeOptionsDumpPass#/dev/ad0s1b/tmpmfsrw00optionsNFS#Network FilesystemoptionsNFS_ROOT#NFS usable as root device, NFS required網(wǎng)路檔案系統(tǒng)，除非您想經(jīng)由TCP/IP的方式，將Unix的系統(tǒng)分割區(qū)掛上，否則 ＃ 掉因?yàn)楸揪W(wǎng)站之後有講到NFS方面...所以留著...^^"#optionsMSDosFS#MSDOS FilesystemMSDOS檔案系統(tǒng)，除非您要在開機(jī)時(shí)就掛上此DOS分割區(qū)，否則您可以放心 ＃ 掉#optionsCD9660#ISO 9660 Filesystem#optionsCD9660_ROOT #CD-ROM usable as root, CD9660 requiredISO9660檔案系統(tǒng)，若您沒(méi)有光碟機(jī)，或者不常mount光碟機(jī)，則可以 ＃ 掉optionsPROCFS#Process filesystemProcess 檔案系統(tǒng)，為"假想"的檔案系統(tǒng)，掛(mount)在/proc，此允許類似 ps 指令顯示process的資訊 。optionsCOMPAT_43#Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]與4.3BSD的相容性[務(wù)必保留!]，否則有些程式會(huì)不正常optionsSCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI使kernel暫停15秒，去搜尋您機(jī)器上的SCSI裝置 。這個(gè)您應(yīng)該看過(guò)吧...就是開機(jī)時(shí)令你覺(jué)得很煩很慢的那個(gè)...您可以將此數(shù)值減少..以加快開機(jī)速度 。#optionsUCONSOLE#Allow users to grab the console讓您能夠抓取console的畫面...這個(gè)對(duì) X 的使用者比較有用...#optionsUSERCONFIG #boot -c editor允許您從開機(jī)選單中啟動(dòng)組態(tài)編輯器(configuration editor) 幾乎用不到~"~#optionsVISUAL_USERCONFIG #visual boot -c editor同上...只不過(guò)是視覺(jué)化的...~"~#optionsKTRACE#ktrace(1) support啟動(dòng)kernel process tracing（追蹤系統(tǒng)程序），在debug時(shí)很有用，...一般人還是用不到...@@"optionsSYSVSHM#SYSV-style shared memory此選項(xiàng)提供給System V 型態(tài)的shared memory(SHM) ...，最常用此選項(xiàng)功能的是 X 中的XSHM若您要使用 X 請(qǐng)務(wù)必加上，此外許多有關(guān)圖形的程式也會(huì)因此選項(xiàng)功能而加速 。又者...big5con(中文console)也需要此選項(xiàng) 。optionsSYSVMSG#SYSV-style message queues支援System V 的信號(hào)(semsphores)，只佔(zhàn)用少量的kernel大小optionsSYSVSEM#SYSV-style semaphores支援System V 的訊息(messages)，只佔(zhàn)用少量的kernel大小，BBS會(huì)用到此選項(xiàng)功能 。通常我們會(huì)將以上三種全部加上.....-__-||以避免因?yàn)橐b個(gè)程式（big5con），而要重新修改kernel 。optionsP1003_1B#Posix P1003_1B real-time extensionsoptions_KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULINGReal-time extensions added in the POSIX(及時(shí)系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)充)，某些應(yīng)用程式會(huì)用到（star Office）optionsICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies啟動(dòng)ICMP對(duì)於錯(cuò)誤回應(yīng)的頻寬限制，對(duì)於幫助拒絕packet攻擊有所助益 。#optionsKBD_INSTALL_CDEV# install a CDEV entry in /dev這個(gè)是某些鍵盤採(cǎi)用的驅(qū)動(dòng)程式 。#options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug# output.Adds ~128k to driver.ahc裝置，支援Adaptec 29/3940(U)(W)及AIC7870/AIC7880類型的主機(jī)板 。#options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug# output.Adds ~215k to driver.ahd裝置，提供Adaptec 79xx Ultra320 的SCSI裝置 。# To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed#optionsSMP# Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel#optionsAPIC_IO# Symmetric (APIC) I/O多CPU的支援 。新版本的只要將此兩項(xiàng)打開，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)抓到...^^deviceisa每個(gè)被FreeBSD支援的PC都必須要有這一個(gè)deviceeisa若您有EISA的主機(jī)板..加上它，會(huì)自動(dòng)偵測(cè)及設(shè)定所有EISA裝置devicepci若您有PCI的主機(jī)板..加上它，會(huì)自動(dòng)偵測(cè)PCI的卡，並橋接PCI及ISA介面 。# Floppy drivesdevicefdc0 at isa? port IO_FD1 irq 6 drq 2devicefd0 at fdc0 drive 0#devicefd1 at fdc0 drive 1軟碟的控制卡，fd0是A:，fd1是B:因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有第二個(gè)軟碟機(jī)，所以 # 掉 fd1## If you have a Toshiba Libretto with its Y-E Data PCMCIA floppy,# don"t use the above line for fdc0 but the following one:#devicefdc0若你採(cǎi)用的軟碟是Toshiba的Y-E Data PCMCIA floppy，則將上面的fdc0開啟 。並將先前的fdc0註解 。# ATA and ATAPI devicesdeviceata0 at isa? port IO_WD1 irq 14deviceata1 at isa? port IO_WD2 irq 15這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，是給那些沒(méi)有PCI的舊式系統(tǒng)使用 。deviceata偵測(cè) PCI ATA＆ATAPI的選項(xiàng) 。只需要這一行，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)偵測(cè)新式的相關(guān)裝置 。deviceatadisk# ATA disk drivesIDE介面的硬碟機(jī)deviceatapicd# ATAPI CDROM drivesIDE介面的光碟機(jī)#deviceatapifd# ATAPI floppy drivesIDE介面的軟碟機(jī) (我沒(méi)有..所以 ＃ 掉)#deviceatapist# ATAPI tape drivesIDE介面的磁帶機(jī) (這....我更沒(méi)有...所以 ＃ 掉)optionsATA_STATIC_ID#Static device numbering讓控制器的編號(hào)固定，否則，則使用動(dòng)態(tài)產(chǎn)生# SCSI Controllers#deviceahb# EISA AHA1742 family#deviceahc# AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices#deviceahd# AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices#deviceamd# AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))#deviceisp# Qlogic family#devicempt# LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion#devicencr# NCR/Symbios Logic#devicesym# NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)#options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40# Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when# both sym and ncr are configured#deviceadv0 at isa?#deviceadw#devicebt0 at isa?#deviceaha0 at isa?#deviceaic0 at isa?#devicencv# NCR 53C500#devicensp# Workbit Ninja SCSI-3#devicestg# TMC 18C30/18C50SCSI的控制卡，若請(qǐng)選擇您有的型號(hào)，請(qǐng)參照 LINT 說(shuō)明...找找您的卡是屬於哪一種 。若您像我一樣沒(méi)有這種高級(jí)品，全部＃了吧 。# SCSI peripherals#devicescbus# SCSI bus (required)#deviceda# Direct Access (disks)#devicesa# Sequential Access (tape etc)#devicecd# CD#devicepass# Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)SCSI的周邊設(shè)備，我連卡都沒(méi)有了...全部＃掉~"~ 。# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem#deviceasr# DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID#devicedpt# DPT Smartcache - See LINT for options!#deviceiir# Intel Integrated RAID#devicemly# Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID#deviceciss# Compaq SmartRAID 5* series多磁碟陣列接SCSI控制卡# RAID controllers#deviceaac# Adaptec FSA RAID, Dell PERC2/PERC3#deviceaacp# SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)#deviceida# Compaq Smart RAID#deviceamr# AMI MegaRAID#devicemlx# Mylex DAC960 family#devicetwe# 3ware Escalade磁碟陣列卡（RAID CARD），這不能算是貴重物品了，是奢侈品！# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mousedeviceatkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD鍵盤控制器(atkbdc)提供，鍵盤及滑鼠的I/O(輸入/輸出)服務(wù) 。若你有滑鼠或鍵盤，則需保留此裝置 。deviceatkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1AT 84 鍵盤devicepsm0 at atkbdc? irq 12PS/2的滑鼠devicevga0 at isa?顯示卡驅(qū)動(dòng)程式# splash screen/screen saverpseudo-device splash在開機(jī)時(shí)，顯示點(diǎn)陣圖影像，螢?zāi)槐Ｗo(hù)程式也需要此驅(qū)動(dòng)程式 。# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO consoledevicesc0 at isa? flags 0x100FreeBSD預(yù)設(shè)的console驅(qū)動(dòng)程式，類似SCO console 。絕大部分的全螢?zāi)怀淌酵高^(guò)類似termcap的終端機(jī)函數(shù)資料庫(kù)存取console，若當(dāng)您在登入系統(tǒng)後，無(wú)法正確顯示全螢?zāi)坏漠嬅妫?qǐng)將TERM 設(shè)定為scoansi 。(export TERM=scoansi)# Enable this and PCVT_FREEBSD for pcvt vt220 compatible console driver#devicevt0 at isa?#optionsXSERVER# support for X server on a vt console#optionsFAT_CURSOR# start with block cursor# If you have a ThinkPAD, uncomment this along with the rest of the PCVT lines#optionsPCVT_SCANSET=2# IBM keyboards are non-stdVT220相容的console驅(qū)動(dòng)程式，與VT100/102相容 。當(dāng)您無(wú)法使用sc0時(shí)，可使用它(某些筆記型電腦會(huì)有這種狀況)，在任何平臺(tái)上VT100都可以執(zhí)行 。(export TERM=vt100)# Floating point support - do not disable.devicenpx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13npx0是FreeBSD上的數(shù)學(xué)浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算介面，不管你是採(cǎi)用包括實(shí)體的或是軟體模擬的浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算處理器都需要它 。# Power management support (see LINT for more options)deviceapm0 at nexus? disable flags 0x20 # Advanced Power Management支援進(jìn)階的電源管理(APM)，對(duì)筆記型電腦很有助益 。# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support#devicecard#devicepcic0 at isa? irq 0 port 0x3e0 iomem 0xd0000#devicepcic1 at isa? irq 0 port 0x3e2 iomem 0xd4000 disable若你把FreeBSD安裝在筆記型電腦之上，把PCMCIA加上吧 。可惜我沒(méi)有，若有..我會(huì)拿來(lái)玩遊戲^^" 。（全部＃掉）# Serial (COM) portsdevicesio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4devicesio1 at isa? port IO_COM2 irq 3#devicesio2 at isa? disable port IO_COM3 irq 5#devicesio3 at isa? disable port IO_COM4 irq 9串列埠裝置 。（Windows稱之為COM1、COM2、COM3、COM4）通常COM3、COM4不會(huì)用到 。# Parallel portdeviceppc0 at isa? irq 7deviceppbus# Parallel port bus (required)並列埠裝置 。#devicelpt# Printer並列埠的印表機(jī) 。#deviceplip# TCP/IP over parallel並列埠的網(wǎng)路介面#deviceppi# Parallel port interface device並列埠的介面裝置(我也沒(méi)有任何有關(guān)的介面..so ＃ 掉)#devicevpo# Requires scbus and da專門給Iomega Zip的支援 (我更沒(méi)有ZIP)# PCI Ethernet NICs.#devicede# DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip"")#deviceem# Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card (``Wiseman"")#devicetxp# 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon"")#devicevx# 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex"")PCI的網(wǎng)路卡支援 。選擇你有的PCI網(wǎng)卡型號(hào)，沒(méi)有的＃掉 。# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.# NOTE: Be sure to keep the "device miibus" line in order to use these NICs!devicemiibus# MII bus support#devicedc# DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes#devicefxp# Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)#devicepcn# AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100 NICs#devicerl# RealTek 8129/8139#devicesf# Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire"")#devicesis# Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016#deviceste# Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)#devicetl# Texas Instruments ThunderLAN#devicetx# SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC"")#devicevr# VIA Rhine, Rhine II#devicewb# Winbond W89C840F#devicexl# 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang"", ``Cyclone"")#devicebge# Broadcom BCM570x (``Tigon III"")需要MII bus支援的PCI網(wǎng)路卡 。若你的網(wǎng)卡屬於這一區(qū)段，除了將網(wǎng)卡的裝置留著，務(wù)必要將miibus留著 。網(wǎng)卡的型號(hào)可以從dmesg | grep address中看出...否則您也可以從 LINT 中參考以我來(lái)說(shuō)，我的網(wǎng)卡是D-link 200 isa (ed)不屬於PCI 介面 。所以我將PCI全部＃掉 。但保留miibus因?yàn)镮SA網(wǎng)卡需要 。# ISA Ethernet NICs.# "device ed" requires "device miibus"deviceed0 at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 iomem 0xd8000#deviceex#deviceep#devicefe0 at isa? port 0x300ISA的網(wǎng)卡支援，注意到裝置ed仍需要先前的miibus裝置配合 。# Xircom Ethernet#devicexeXircom/Intel EtherExpress Pro100/16 的網(wǎng)路卡 。# PRISM I IEEE 802.11b wireless NIC.#deviceawi無(wú)線網(wǎng)卡 。（筆記型電腦）# WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11 wireless NICs. Note: the WaveLAN/IEEE really# exists only as a PCMCIA device, so there is no ISA attachment needed# and resources will always be dynamically assigned by the pccard code.#devicewiLucent WaveLAN/IEEE 802.11 的PCMCIA網(wǎng)卡 。（筆記型電腦）# Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs. Note: the declaration below will# work for PCMCIA and PCI cards, as well as ISA cards set to ISA PnP# mode (the factory default). If you set the switches on your ISA# card for a manually chosen I/O address and IRQ, you must specify# those parameters here.#deviceanAironet 4500/4800 802.11 的無(wú)限網(wǎng)卡 。（筆記型電腦）# The probe order of these is presently determined by i386/isa/isa_compat.c.#deviceie0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 10 iomem 0xd0000#devicele0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 5 iomem 0xd0000#devicelnc0 at isa? port 0x280 irq 10 drq 0#devicecs0 at isa? port 0x300#devicesn0 at isa? port 0x300 irq 10ISA的乙太網(wǎng)卡 。請(qǐng)參照LINT取得詳細(xì)的網(wǎng)卡資訊 。# Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.虛擬裝置 。pseudo-device loop# Network loopback通常的loop裝置，當(dāng)您用telnet或ftp localhost它就是經(jīng)由此裝置此為必需的 。pseudo-device ether# Ethernet support當(dāng)您有網(wǎng)路卡時(shí)才需要，它也包含基本的網(wǎng)路協(xié)定碼 。pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP支援SLIP，不過(guò)他以快要被PPP取代，s1後的數(shù)字表示，同時(shí)有多少SLIP連線被支援pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP對(duì)撥接的PPP支援，ppp後的數(shù)字表示，同時(shí)有多少PPP連線被支援pseudo-device tun# Packet tunnel.被PPP所使用，tun後的數(shù)字表示，同時(shí)有多少PPP session被支援pseudo-device pty# Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)虛擬終端機(jī)裝置，預(yù)設(shè)是16，最高可以達(dá)到256 (login port)pseudo-device md# Memory "disks"memory disk 虛擬裝置 與之前的MFS相呼應(yīng)，不可單獨(dú)存在pseudo-device gif# IPv6 and IPv4 tunnelingIPv4及IPv6間的的傳送通道pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)抓取封包並使之轉(zhuǎn)向到IPv4/IPv6間的背景服務(wù)程式(daemon)# The `bpf" pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!pseudo-device bpf#Berkeley packet filter柏克萊的封包過(guò)濾器 。（必須保留！）及使網(wǎng)路卡處在不區(qū)分封包的模式，也能抓取每一封包 。這些封包能被抓取到磁碟或經(jīng)由 tcpdump 程式解釋 。# USB support#deviceuhci# UHCI PCI->USB interface#deviceohci# OHCI PCI->USB interface#deviceusb# USB Bus (required)#deviceugen# Generic#deviceuhid# "Human Interface Devices"#deviceukbd# Keyboard#deviceulpt# Printer#deviceumass# Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da#deviceums# Mouse#deviceuscanner # Scanners#deviceurio# Diamond Rio MP3 PlayerUSB的支援項(xiàng)目 。我都沒(méi)有USB，所以全部＃掉 。# USB Ethernet, requires mii#deviceaue# ADMtek USB ethernet#devicecue# CATC USB ethernet#devicekue# Kawasaki LSI USB ethernetUSB的網(wǎng)路卡 。我都沒(méi)有USB，所以全部＃掉 。2.編修注意事項(xiàng)將不要或沒(méi)有的的註解＃，而非刪除，主要是要避免，不小心誤刪裝置，或是臨時(shí)多加了額外的裝置，還要去查詢LINT的麻煩
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