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技巧解析:根據(jù)ip地址查交換機(jī)端口

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KeyWords: ip address port interface map show cam arp cdp detail mac-address-table
在一個(gè)Cisco 交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)中間，已知某臺(tái)機(jī)器的IP地址，如何找出它連接到了哪臺(tái)交換機(jī)的哪個(gè)端口上呢？最方便快捷的方法使使用CiscoWorks 2000 LMS網(wǎng)管軟件的User tracking 功能，圖形化界面，一目了然 。
假如沒(méi)有這個(gè)軟件，也可以使用以下手工分析方法來(lái)找出答案：
示例網(wǎng)絡(luò)：核心交換機(jī)為6509(交換引擎SE用CatOS, MSFC運(yùn)行IOS軟件)
1. 找出該IP所對(duì)應(yīng)的MAC地址:
通過(guò)查看系統(tǒng)的ARP緩存表可以找出某IP所對(duì)應(yīng)的MAC地址 。由于ARP不能跨VLAN進(jìn)行，所以連接各個(gè)VLAN的路由模塊MSFC就是最佳的選擇－－一般它在每一個(gè)VLAN都有一個(gè)端口(interface vlan n)，能正確地進(jìn)行ARP解釋 。
6509MSFC#ping 10.10.1.65
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.1.65, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
SUCcess rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
6509MSFC#show arpin 10.10.1.65
Internet 10.10.1.65 2 0006.2973.121d ARPA Vlan2
通過(guò)以上命令，我們知道10.10.1.65的MAC地址是0006.2973.121d, 這是IOS設(shè)備的MAC地址表達(dá)方式，在CatOS中，應(yīng)寫(xiě)為00-06-29-73-12-1d.
2.在交換機(jī)上找出MAC地址所對(duì)應(yīng)的端口
6509SE> (enable) show cam 00-06-29-73-12-1d
* = Static Entry.= Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.
X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security Entry
VLAN Dest MAC/Route Des [CoS] Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type]
---- ------------------ ----- -------------------------------------------
2 00-06-29-73-12-1d 9/41 [ALL]
Total Matching CAM Entries Displayed =1
這是不是說(shuō)IP為 10.10.1.65的機(jī)器就接在端口9/41上呢？
不一定 。假如以下命令中顯示該端口上只有一個(gè)活動(dòng)的MAC地址，那么答案就是肯定的：
6509SE> (enable) show cam dynamic 9/41
* = Static Entry.= Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.
X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security Entry
VLAN Dest MAC/Route Des [CoS] Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type]
---- ------------------ ----- -------------------------------------------
2 00-06-29-73-12-1d 9/41 [ALL]
Total Matching CAM Entries Displayed =1
假如該命令顯示該端口上有多個(gè)活動(dòng)的MAC地址，那么這個(gè)端口應(yīng)該連接到別的交換機(jī)或HUB設(shè)備上，見(jiàn)下面的例子（查找IP為10.10.1.250所對(duì)應(yīng)的交換機(jī)端口）:
6509MSFC#ping 10.10.1.250
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.1.250, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
6509MSFC#show arpin 10.10.1.250
Internet 10.10.1.250 4 0009.6b8c.64ec ARPA Vlan2
6509SE> (enable) show cam 00-09-6b-8c-64-ec
* = Static Entry.= Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.
X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security Entry
VLAN Dest MAC/Route Des [CoS] Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type]
---- ------------------ ----- -------------------------------------------
2 00-09-6b-8c-64-ec 3/11 [ALL]
Total Matching CAM Entries Displayed =1
6509SE> (enable) show cam dy 3/11
* = Static Entry.= Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.
X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security Entry
VLAN Dest MAC/Route Des [CoS] Destination Ports or VCs / [Protocol Type]
---- ------------------ ----- -------------------------------------------
1 00-03-e3-4b-06-80 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-08-02-e6-b0-cd 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-02-a5-ee-f2-4f 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-09-6b-8c-66-d6 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-09-6b-63-17-d9 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-0b-cd-03-ec-f5 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-09-6b-63-17-d8 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-08-02-e6-b0-c1 3/11 [ALL]
1 00-08-02-e6-b0-85 3/11 [ALL]

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