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專用Cisco路由器的替代品Zebra二( 二 )

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為了測試路由的 failover，我們把連接網段 10.0.0.0/24 的路由器 A 上的網絡連接斷開 。經過總計約兩分鐘的過期時間以后，Zebra 得到了另一個可達 10.0.0.0/24 的路由，這個新的路由是通過路由器 B 得到的 。注重在下面的清單中，Zebra 通過 192.168.1.2 到達 10.0.0.0/24，而不是先前的路徑 。
清單 13. Zebra 反映的 RIP 路由
Codes: K - kernel route, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, O - OSPF,
B - BGP, > - selected route, * - FIB route
R>* 10.0.0.0/24 [120/3] via 192.168.1.2, eth0, 00:00:26
R>* 10.0.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.1.2, eth1, 00:06:02
C>* 10.0.2.0/24 is directly connected, dummy0
K * 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
C>* 127.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, lo
R>* 192.168.0.0/30 [120/2] via 192.168.1.2, eth1, 00:00:26
C>* 192.168.1.0/30 is directly connected, eth1
C>* 192.168.2.0/30 is directly connected, eth0
為什么總的過期時間大于兩分鐘？RIP 默認的過期時間是 30 秒，但是 RIP 協議指定了在確認一個路由已經失效之前要進行 3 次重試（共 90 秒），并且還要有一段時間來清空無效的路由（還需要 240 秒） 。眾所周知，RIP 協議對連接失敗反應遲鈍，這一點在這里得到了明確的論證 。
這里是在 failover 發(fā)生之前路由器 A 的路由表的輸出 。
清單 14. Failover 之前路由器 A 的路由表
RouterA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R10.0.2.0 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0
C10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R10.0.1.0 [120/1] via 192.168.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C192.168.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R192.168.1.0 [120/1] via 192.168.0.2, 00:00:18, Serial0/0
[120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:11, FastEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C192.168.2.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
failover 之后：
清單 15. Failover 之后路由器 A 的路由表
RouterA#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets
R10.0.2.0 [120/2] via 192.168.0.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/0
C10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R10.0.1.0 [120/1] via 192.168.0.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/0
192.168.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C192.168.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
192.168.1.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
R192.168.1.0 [120/1] via 192.168.0.2, 00:00:09, Serial0/0
192.168.2.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets

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